PD 6461-3:1995
Withdrawn
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General metrology Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM)
Hardcopy , PDF
27-10-2018
English
13-06-2003
Committees responsible
national foreword
Foreword
0 Introduction
1 Scope
2 Definitions
2.1 General metrological terms
2.2 The term "uncertainty"
2.3 Terms specific to this Guide
3 Basic concepts
3.1 Measurement
3.2 Errors, effects, and corrections
3.3 Uncertainty
3.4 Practical considerations
4 Evaluating standard uncertainty
4.1 Modelling the measurement
4.2 Type A evaluation of standard uncertainty
4.3 Type B evaluation of standard uncertainty
4.4 Graphical illustration of evaluating standard
uncertainty
5 Determining combined standard uncertainty
5.1 Uncorrelated input quantities
5.2 Correlated input quantities
6 Determining expanded uncertainty
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Expanded uncertainty
6.3 Choosing a coverage factor
7 Reporting uncertainty
7.1 General guidance
7.2 Specific guidance
8 Summary of procedure for evaluating and expressing
uncertainty
Annex A - Recommendations of Working Group and CIPM
A.1 - Recommendation INC-1 (1980)
A.2 - Recommendation 1 (CI-1981)
A.3 - Recommendation 1 (CI-1986)
Annex B - General metrological terms
B.1 - Source of definitions
B.2 - Definitions
Annex C - Basic statistical terms and concepts
C.1 - Source of definitions
C.2 - Definitions
C.3 - Elaboration of terms and concepts
Annex D - "True" value, error, and uncertainty
D.1 - The measurand
D.2 - The realized quantity
D.3 - The "true" value and the corrected value
D.4 - Error
D.5 - Uncertainty
D.6 - Graphical representation
Annex E - Motivation and basis for Recommendation INC-1 (1980)
E.1 - "Safe", "random" and "systematic"
E.2 - Justification for realistic uncertainty evaluations
E.3 - Justification for treating all uncertainty
components identically
E.4 - Standard deviations as measures of uncertainty
Annex F - Practical guidance on evaluating uncertainty
components
F.1 - Components evaluated from repeated observations:
Type A evaluation of standard uncertainty
F.2 - Components evaluated by other means: Type B
evaluation of standard uncertainty
Annex G - Degrees of freedom and levels of confidence
G.1 - Introduction
G.2 - Central Limit Theorem
G.3 - The t-distribution and degrees of freedom
G.4 - Effective degrees of freedom
G.5 - Other considerations
G.6 - Summary and conclusions
Annex H - Examples
H.1 - End-gauge calibration
H.2 - Simultaneous resistance and reactance measurement
H.3 - Calibration of a thermometer
H.4 - Measurement of activity
H.5 - Analysis of variance
H.6 - Measurements on a reference scale: hardness
Annex J - Glossary of principal symbols
Annex K - Bibliography
Alphabetical index
Figures
Tables
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