BS ISO 8178-11:2006
Current
The latest, up-to-date edition.
Reciprocating internal combustion engines. Exhaust emission measurement Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from engines used in nonroad mobile machinery under transient test conditions
Hardcopy , PDF
English
28-04-2006
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 General symbols
4.2 Symbols and abbreviations for the fuel composition
4.3 Symbols and abbreviations for the chemical components
4.4 Abbreviations
5 Test conditions
5.1 Engine test conditions
5.1.1 Test condition parameter
5.1.2 Test validity
5.2 Engines with charge air cooling
5.3 Power
5.4 Engine air intake system
5.5 Engine exhaust system
5.6 Cooling system
5.7 Lubricating oil
5.8 Test fuel
6 Test cycle
6.1 General
6.2 General test sequence
6.3 Engine mapping procedure
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Determination of the mapping speed range
6.3.3 Engine mapping curve
6.3.4 Mapping curve generation
6.3.5 Alternative mapping
6.3.6 Replicate tests
6.4 Generation of the reference test cycle
6.4.1 Reference speed
6.4.2 Denormalization of engine speed
6.4.3 Denormalization of engine torque
6.4.4 Example of denormalization procedure
6.5 Dynamometer
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Eddy-current dynamometer
6.6 Verification of the test run
6.6.1 Data shift
6.6.2 Calculation of the cycle work
6.6.3 Validation statistics of the test cycle
7 Emissions test run
7.1 General
7.2 Preparation of the sampling filters
7.3 Installation of the measuring equipment
7.4 Starting and preconditioning the dilution system
and the engine
7.5 Starting the particulate sampling system
7.6 Adjustment of the dilution system
7.7 Checking the analysers
7.8 Engine starting procedure
7.9 Cycle run
7.9.1 Test sequence
7.9.2 Analyser response
7.9.3 Particulate sampling
7.9.4 Engine stalling
7.9.5 Operations after test
8 Principles of emissions measurement
8.1 General
8.2 Equivalence
8.3 Accuracy
9 Determination of gaseous components in the raw exhaust
gas and of the particulates with a partial flow dilution
system
9.1 General
9.2 Determination of exhaust gas mass flow
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Response time
9.2.3 Direct measurement method
9.2.4 Air and fuel measurement method
9.2.5 Tracer measurement method
9.2.6 Air flow and air to fuel ratio measurement method
9.3 Determination of the gaseous components
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Sampling for gaseous emissions
9.3.3 Data evaluation
9.3.4 Calculation of mass emission
9.3.5 Dry/wet correction
9.3.6 NO[x] correction for humidity and temperature
9.3.7 Calculation of the specific emissions
9.4 Particulate determination
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Particulate sampling
9.4.3 System response time
9.4.4 Data evaluation
9.4.5 Calculation of mass emission
9.4.6 Particulate correction factor for humidity
9.4.7 Calculation of the specific emissions
10 Determination of gaseous and particulate components with
a full flow dilution system
10.1 General
10.2 Determination of the diluted exhaust gas flow
10.2.1 General
10.2.2 PDP-CVS system
10.2.3 CFV-CVS system
10.2.4 SSV-CVS system
10.3 Determination of the gaseous components
10.3.1 General
10.3.2 Sampling for gaseous emissions
10.3.3 Data evaluation
10.3.4 Calculation of mass emission
10.3.5 Dry/wet correction
10.3.6 NO[x] correction for humidity and temperature
10.3.7 Calculation of the specific emissions
10.4 Particulate determination
10.4.1 General
10.4.2 Particulate sampling
10.4.3 Calculation of mass emission
10.4.4 Particulate correction factor for humidity
10.4.5 Calculation of the specific emissions
11 Measurement equipment for the gaseous components
11.1 General analyser specifications
11.1.1 General
11.1.2 Accuracy
11.1.3 Precision
11.1.4 Noise
11.1.5 Zero drift
11.1.6 Span drift
11.1.7 Rise time
11.1.8 Gas drying
11.2 Analysers
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Carbon monoxide (CO) analysis
11.2.3 Carbon dioxide (CO[2]) analysis
11.2.4 Hydrocarbon (HC) analysis
11.2.5 Non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) analysis
11.2.6 Oxides of nitrogen (NO[x]) analysis
11.2.7 Formaldehyde (HCHO) analysis
11.2.8 Methanol (CH[3]OH) analysis
11.2.9 Air to fuel measurement
11.3 Calibration
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Response time check of the analytical system
11.3.3 Verification of the calibration curve
11.3.4 Calibration of tracer gas analyser for exhaust
flow measurement
11.3.5 Calibration intervals
11.4 Analytical system
12 Measurement equipment for particulates
12.1 General specifications
12.1.1 General
12.1.2 Particulate sampling filters
12.1.3 Weighing chamber and analytical balance
specifications
12.1.4 Specifications for flow measurement
12.1.5 Additional specifications
12.2 Dilution and sampling system
12.3 Calibration
12.3.1 General
12.3.2 Flow measurement
12.3.3 Determination of the transformation time
(partial flow dilution system only)
12.3.4 Calibration of the CVS system (full flow
dilution system only)
12.3.5 Calibration intervals
Annex A (normative) NRTC engine dynamometer schedule
Annex B (normative) Determination of system equivalence
Annex C (normative) Determination of system sampling error
Annex D (normative) Carbon flow check
Annex E (informative) Example of calculation procedure
(raw/partial flow)
Annex F (informative) Ramped modal cycle (RMC)
Annex G (normative) Statistical equations
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